Vol. II (2021), No. 2
WHO ARE THE DECISION-MAKERS IN NON-PROFIT SPORT CLUBS FROM TRANSITION COUNTRIES
Igor Ivaskovic
School of Economics and Business, University of Ljubljana
Original scientific paper
DOI: https://doi.org/10.47954/ijcbe.2.2.2
JEL Classification: M10, M14
Abstract
The article discusses the hierarchies of decision makers in non-profit sport clubs. On the basis of data, collected in 73 sport clubs from four South-East European countries, author identifies: a) who carries the largest part of responsibility for the organizational performance; b) who has the most important influence on HRM activities; and c) are those results in relation with the hierarchies of interest groups. The results indicate that private sponsors’ involvement significantly increases in top quality clubs, while the interferences of volunteers, local community, the state and municipal authorities are stronger in lower ranked clubs. The greatest responsibility for the clubs’ performance is on coaches, athletes, and clubs’ presidents. In the field of HRM the influences of the sports directors, sponsors’ representatives and agents increase, while the influence of the clubs’ presidents decreases with the level of quality. Volunteers’ interference in clubs’ activities stimulates presidents’ influence on HRM, decreases the degree of director’s performance responsibility, and decreases head coaches’ and sport directors’ influence on HRM. On the other hand, the interference of private sponsors puts more pressure on the functions of head coach and top management.
Key words: non-profit clubs; organizational structure; HRM; responsibility
Full text
Download PDF here (pp. 17-32).
References
Baroncelli, A. and Lago, U. (2006) ‘Italian Football’, Journal of Sport Economics, February, p13–28.
Barringer, B.R. and Bluedorn, A.C. (1999) ‘The relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and strategic management’, Strategic Management Journal, 20, p421–444.
Ben-Ner, A. and Van Hoomissen, T. (1991) ‘Nonprofits in the mixed economy: a demand and supply analysis’, Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 62(4), p519–550
Bergant-Rakočević, V. (ed.) (2008) Šport & pravo. Ljubljana: Gospodarski vestnik
Berman, S.L., Wicks, A.C., Kotha, S. and Jones, T.M. (1999) ‘Does stakeholder orientation matter? The relationship between stakeholder management models and firm financial performance’, Academy of Management Journal, 42(5), p488–506
Breitbarth, T. and Harris, P. (2008) ‘The role of corporate social responsibility in the football business: Towards the development of a conceptual model’, European Sport Management Quarterly, 8(2), p179–206
Brouthers, K.D., Gelderman, M. and Arens, P. (2007) ‘The influence of ownership on performance: Stakeholder and strategic contingency perspectives’, Schmalenbach Business Review, 59(3), p225–242
Cuervo, A. and Villalonga, B. (2000) ‘Explaining the variance in the performance effects of privatisation’, Academy of Management Journal, 25(3), p581–590
De Castro, J.O., Meyer, G.D., Strong, K.C. and Uhlenbruck, N. (1996) ‘Government objectives and organizational characteristics: a stakeholder view of privatization effectiveness’, The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 4(4), p373–392
Drucker, P.F. (1992) Managing the non-profit organization: practices and principles. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann
Freeman, E. and Reed, D. (1983) ‘Stockholders and Stakeholders: A new perspective on corporate governance’ in Huiziga, C. (ed.) Corporate Governance: A Definitive Exploration of the Issues. Los Angeles: UCLA Extension Press, pp. 88-106
Frooman, J. (1999) ‘Stakeholder influence strategies’, Academy of Management Review, 24(2), p191–205
Ibsen, B. (1999) ‘Structure and development of sport organisations in Denmark’ in Heinemann, K. (ed.) Sports Clubs in Various European Countries. Schorndorf: Hofmann, pp. 241-26
Ilešič, M. (2004) ‘Pravni status športnih organizacij’, Podjetje in delo, 30(6-7), p1639-1644.
Ivašković, I. (2015) Vpliv ravnanja z ljudmi pri delu na uspešnost profesionalnih športnih klubov z nedobičkovno tradicijo: študija košarkarskih klubov v Jugovzhodni Evropi. Ljubljana: Ekonomska fakulteta.
Ivašković, I. (2018) ‘The HRM systems in South-East European basketball clubs’ in Turuk, M. and Kolaković, M. (eds.) 3rd Business & entrepreneurial economics conference, 30th May – 2nd June, Šibenik, Croatia 2018. Zagreb: Student Business Incubator at the University of Zagreb, pp. 296-307
Ivašković, I. (2019) ‘The stakeholder-strategy relationship in non-profit basketball clubs’, Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 32(1), p1457-1475.
Ivašković, I., Čater, T. and Čater, B. (2017) ‘The strategic influence of stakeholders in non-profit organisations: the role of municipality in basketball clubs from South-East Europe’, Journal for East European management studies 22(4), p596-620.
Kern, A., Schwarzmann, M. and Wiedenegger, A. (2012) ‘Measuring the efficiency of English Premier League football: A two‐stage data envelopment analysis approach’, Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 2(3), p177-195
LeRoux, K. (2009) ‘Managing stakeholder demands. Balancing responsiveness to clients and funding agents in nonprofit social service organizations’, Administration & Society, 41(2), p158-184
Lioukas, S., Bourantas, D. and Papadakis, V. (1993) ‘Managerial autonomy of state-owned enterprises: Determining factors’, Organization Science, 4(4), p645-666
Megginson, W.L, Nash, R.C. and Mathias, R. (1994) ‘The financial and operating performance of newly privatized firms’, Journal of Finance, 49(2), p403-52
Mendelow, A. (1991) Proceedings of the second international conference on information systems. Cambridge
Mintzberg, H. (1983) Power in and around organizations. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall
Pfeffer, J. and Salancik, G.R. (1978) The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective. New York, NY: Harper and Row
Polonsky, M.J. (1995) ‘A stakeholder theory approach to designing environmental strategy’, Journal Of Business and Industrial Marketing, 10(3), p29-46
Pučko, D. (1999) Strateško upravljanje. Ljubljana: Ekonomska fakulteta
Seeger, M.W. (1997) Ethics and Organizational Communication. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press
Selvin, D. and Covin, J. (1997) ‘Strategy formation patterns, performance, and the significance of context’, Journal of Management, 23(2), p189-209
Škorić, S., Bartoluci, M. and Čustonja, Z. (2012) ‘Public financing in Croatian sport’, Financial Theory & Practice, 36(2), p109-227
Taylor, T., Doherty, A. and McGraw, P. (2008) Managing people in sport organizations: A strategic human resource management perspective. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann
Whitley, R. and Czaban, L. (1998) ‘Institutional transformation and enterprise change in an emergent capitalist economy: The case of Hungary’, Organization Studies, 19(2), p259-80
Zahra, S.A., Neubaum, D.O. and Huse, M. (2000) ‘Entrepreneurship in medium-size companies: Exploring the effects of ownership and governance systems’, Journal of Management, 26(5), p947–976